Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS for short) is a spinal condition that develops during the growth period, most commonly during puberty. The term “idiopathic” means that the exact cause is unknown—it is not the result of an accident, poor posture, or any specific disease.

In this case, scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity, meaning that the spine not only curves sideways but the vertebrae also twist. Most commonly, a rightward curve is observed in the middle section of the back (the thoracic spine). At the same time, the back’s natural curvature—known as kyphosis—often becomes flatter.

Most adolescents have no symptoms in the early stages—parents often notice by chance that one shoulder is higher or that one shoulder blade sticks out more.
In more severe cases, however, back pain or reduced lung capacity may also occur.

X-rays of the entire spine , taken from multiple angles, are essential for making a diagnosis. Based on these images, the doctor can determine the degree and direction of the curvature, which helps in planning treatment.

There are several types of therapy:

• In milder cases, regular monitoring and targeted physiotherapy are sufficient.
• In cases of moderate curvature , wearing a corset can often slow down or halt the progression of the curvature.
• In cases of more severe deformities, or if the child still has significant growth ahead of them, surgical intervention (spinal stabilization, also known as spondylodesis) may be necessary; this procedure is performed at specialized centers.

The most important thing is for parents to recognize the signs early and consult an orthopedics specialist. Early detection greatly increases the chances of success with conservative (non-surgical) treatment.